Subtitle splitter

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are provided for presenting subtitles in association with a composite video. The systems and methods include a facility for uploading a subtitle file having the full subtitles information for the entire composite video. The uploaded subtitle file is then split to generate video content item subtitles files that correspond to video content items in the composite video.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. Pat. Application Serial No.17/821,767, filed on Aug. 23, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat.Application Serial No. 16/948,023, filed on Aug. 27, 2020, now issued asU.S. Pat. No. 11,432,049, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S.Provisional Application Serial No. 62/893,509, filed on Aug. 29, 2019,each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to subtitles for media contentpresented on mobile devices.

BACKGROUND

Users of mobile devices often consume videos without audio to avoiddisrupting other people in their surroundings. While many videos can beenjoyed without audio, adding subtitles to videos enhances the userexperience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numeralsmay describe similar components in different views. To easily identifythe discussion of any particular element or act, the most significantdigit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number inwhich that element is first introduced. Some embodiments are illustratedby way of example, and not limitation, in the figures of theaccompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network,according to example embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating data which may be stored inthe database of a messaging server system, according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a messagegenerated by a messaging client application for communication, accordingto example embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating example operations of a subtitlingsystem according to example embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the input and output of thesubtitling system, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of an examplesubtitle file.

FIG. 7A is block diagram illustrating a user interface for a subtitlingsystem.

FIG. 7B is block diagram illustrating a user interface with a fullsubtitle upload option for a subtitling system according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a representative softwarearchitecture, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine able toread instructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., amachine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein, according to example embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Increasingly, electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets andlaptops are used as convenient playback devices for streamed and/ordownloaded multimedia content such as video content. Often, usersconsume content, and specifically video content, on their mobile devicewithout audio (i.e. voice, music or other sound). Most content consumedby users can be enjoyed without sound. In many cases, however, theoverall enjoyment of the content can be enhanced with the addition ofsubtitles. Much content that users consume on mobile devices isuser-generated. This is particularly true in the case of contentconsumed on social media platforms. However, typical systems fail toprovide an easy-to-use and resource-efficient interface to generatesubtitles and, as a result, the user-generated content typically doesnot include subtitles. Where content (user-generated, professionallycurated, or otherwise prepared for consumption) has been generated as acomposite of video content items, the task of a content publisher ingenerating appropriate subtitles to accompany that composite videobecomes time-consuming and error-prone.

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques,instruction sequences, and computing machine program products thatembody illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. In the followingdescription, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific detailsare set forth in order to provide an understanding of variousembodiments. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art,that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Ingeneral, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, andtechniques are not necessarily shown in detail.

The disclosed embodiments provide a subtitling system that improvescontent publishers’ efficiency by providing a flexible and easy-to-userinterface for providing subtitles for content in preparation forpublication.

The subtitling system, according to the disclosed embodiments, alsoimproves efficiency and convenience for the end user using theirelectronic device to consume the composite video by ensuring that thesubtitles delivered to the electronic device more accurately correlateto the portions of the composite video being reproduced at theelectronic device.

The content publisher may previously have added subtitles to individualvideo content items by dragging a corresponding subtitles file, such asa SubRip Text file (SRT) or Video Timed Text file (VTT), over an icon orrepresentation of the given video and/or by selecting an upload optionfor the given video content item. Alternatively, the content publishermay have added subtitles manually, entering the text of subtitlesthrough a text entry interface, together with the start and stop time ofeach entry. Once added, the subtitles are automatically processed andassociated with the given video and made available for consumption toother users when the video is shared on a messaging application.

According to the disclosed embodiments, a content publisher interface isprovided that allows a given content publisher to upload a singlesubtitle file (i.e. a “full subtitle file”) having the full subtitlesinformation for an entire composite video. The uploaded full subtitlefile is then split to generate a plurality of component video contentitem subtitle files that correspond to the video content items in thecomposite video.

In this way, the disclosed embodiments simplify the tasks involved inproviding subtitles for composite video content in preparation forpublication by reducing the need to manually enter text and/or determinewhich subtitle file to link to which component video content item (ifany). The content publisher is spared unnecessary complexity inproviding subtitles for component video content items and the number ofscreens and interfaces that the content publisher must navigate toensure that each component video content item has the correct,associated, subtitles. This in turn reduces the processing resources(e.g., processor cycles, memory, and power usage) needed to accomplish atask with the subtitling system.

Although subtitles and closed-captions (CC) may include differentcontent, the term “subtitles” used in this disclosure applies equally toboth. Specifically, subtitles provide a text alternative for dialogue ofvideo footage -the spoken words of characters, narrators, and othervocal participants - while CC not only supplements dialogue likesubtitles, but also includes other relevant parts of the soundtrackdescribing background noises, phones ringing, and other audio cues theneed to be described. Subtitles may be prepared to replicate the wordsused in the video audio track: they may alternatively be translations(into another spoken language and/or character set) and they mayrepresent a commentary or other supplement to the video content in thevideo footage.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system 100 forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network106. The messaging system 100 includes multiple client devices 102, eachof which hosts a number of applications, including a messaging clientapplication 104 and a third-party application 105. The messaging system100 may further include one or more content publishers 101, each ofwhich hosts a number of applications including a messaging clientapplication 107.

Each messaging client application 104, 107 is communicatively coupled toother instances of the messaging client application 104, the third-partyapplication 105, and a messaging server system 108 via a network 106(e.g., the Internet).

Accordingly, each messaging client application 104 and third-partyapplication 105 is able to communicate and exchange data with anothermessaging client application 104 and third-party application(s) 105 andwith the messaging server system 108 via the network 106. The dataexchanged between messaging client applications 104 & 107, third-partyapplications 105, and between a messaging client application 104 & 107and the messaging server system 108 includes functions (e.g., commandsto invoke functions) and payload data (e.g., text, audio, video, orother multimedia data). Any disclosed communications between themessaging client application 104 & 107 and the third-partyapplication(s) 105 can be transmitted directly from the messaging clientapplication 104 & 107 to the third-party application(s) 105 and/orindirectly (e.g., via one or more servers) from the messaging clientapplication to the third-party application(s) 105.

The third-party application(s) 105 and the messaging client application104 are applications that include a set of functions that allow theclient device 102 to access a subtitling system 124. Likewise, themessaging client application 107 includes a set of functions that allowthe content publisher 101 to access the subtitling system 124. Thethird-party application 105 is an application that is separate anddistinct from the messaging client application 104. The third-partyapplication(s) 105 are downloaded and installed by the client device 102separately from the messaging client application 104. In someimplementations, the third-party application(s) 105 are downloaded andinstalled by the client device 102 before or after the messaging clientapplication 104 is downloaded and installed. The third-party application105 is an application that is provided by an entity or organization thatis different from the entity or organization that provides the messagingclient application 104. The third-party application 105 is anapplication that can be accessed by a client device 102 using separatelogin credentials than the messaging client application 104. Namely, thethird-party application 105 can maintain a first user account and themessaging client application 104 can maintain a second user account. Forexample, the third-party application 105 can be a social networkingapplication, a dating application, a ride or car sharing application, ashopping application, a trading application, a gaming application, or animaging application.

In some embodiments, the messaging client application 104 may present auser with a video discovery graphical user interface. The videodiscovery graphical user interface may display one or more interactiverepresentations (e.g., icons or thumbnails) that identify respectivevideos. The messaging client application 104 receives a user selectionof a first one of the interactive representations. In response toreceiving the user selection, the messaging client application 104retrieves a first video that corresponds to the selected interactiverepresentation and plays back or displays (i.e. “reproduces”) the video.In some cases, the first video may be a composite video comprising asequence of one or more video content items (e.g., 10 second videoclips). The user can advance between each video clip in the video bytapping (physically touching for less than a threshold period of time(e.g., 1 second)) on the screen. In response to the user tapping on thescreen, the messaging client application 104 retrieves a next video clipin the sequence. Once all of the video clips or once the first video iscompletely played back, a second video may be selected (e.g., by theuser manually selecting a particular interactive representation orautomatically by selecting a video that matches user interests). Thesecond video may be played back and presented to the user.

In some embodiments, the messaging client application 104 presents agraphical user interface that allows a user to upload and edit one ormore videos to be shared with one or more other users. Similarly, themessaging client application 107 may present a graphical user interfacethat allows a content publisher to upload and edit videos to be sharedwith one or more other users. After or before uploading a given video,the user can also upload a subtitles file for the video, see FIG. 7A.The messaging client application 104 may allow the user to upload thesubtitles file by dragging the subtitles file over an identifier (i.e. agraphical element) of the given video the user has uploaded and/or byselecting an upload option in an editing interface.

After the subtitles file is uploaded, the contents of the subtitles filemay be presented in a three-part display (one part for displayingcontent of the subtitles file, a second part for displaying a preview ofthe video, and a third part for providing editing options for thevideo). Using the graphical user interface, the user can review, modify,and change timing of various subtitles that are provided for the video.Once the user is satisfied, the user can save the video and share thevideo, which now includes the associated subtitles file, with otherusers.

In some embodiments, the graphical user interface of the messagingclient application 104 and/or the messaging client application 107allows the upload of a full subtitles file having subtitle text itemscorresponding to the component video content items in a composite video,see FIG. 7B.

The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality viathe network 106 to a particular messaging client application 104 or 107.While certain functions of the messaging system 100 are described hereinas being performed by either a messaging client application 104/107 orby the messaging server system 108, it will be appreciated that thelocation of certain functionality either within the messaging clientapplication 104/107 or the messaging server system 108 is a designchoice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initiallydeploy certain technology and functionality within the messaging serversystem 108, but to later migrate this technology and functionality tothe messaging client application 104 where a client device 102 has asufficient processing capacity.

The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operationsthat are provided to the messaging client application 104. Suchoperations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, andprocessing data generated by the messaging client application 104. Thisdata may include message content, client device information, geolocationinformation, media annotation and overlays, virtual objects, messagecontent persistence conditions, social network information, and liveevent information, as examples. Data exchanges within the messagingsystem 100 are invoked and controlled through functions available viauser interfaces (UIs) of the messaging client application 104/107.

Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, an APIserver 110 is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, anapplication server 112. The application server 112 is communicativelycoupled to a database server 118, which facilitates access to a database120 in which is stored data associated with messages processed by theapplication server 112.

Dealing specifically with the API server 110, this server 110 receivesand transmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) betweenthe client device 102 and the application server 112. Specifically, theAPI server 110 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines andprotocols) that can be called or queried by the messaging clientapplication 104 and the third-party application 105 in order to invokefunctionality of the application server 112. The API server 110 exposesvarious functions supported by the application server 112, includingaccount registration; login functionality; the sending of messages, viathe application server 112, from a particular messaging clientapplication 104 to another messaging client application 104 orthird-party application 105; the sending of media files (e.g., images orvideo) from a messaging client application 104 to the messaging serverapplication 114, and for possible access by another messaging clientapplication 104 or third-party application 105; the setting of acollection of media data (e.g., story); the retrieval of suchcollections; the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a clientdevice 102; the retrieval of messages and content; the adding anddeleting of friends to a social graph; the location of friends within asocial graph; access to user conversation data; access to avatarinformation stored on messaging server system 108; and opening anapplication event (e.g., relating to the messaging client application104).

The application server 112 hosts a number of applications andsubsystems, including a messaging server application 114, an imageprocessing system 116, a social network system 122, and the subtitlingsystem 124. The messaging server application 114 implements a number ofmessage processing technologies and functions, particularly related tothe aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual andmultimedia content) included in messages received from multipleinstances of the messaging client application 104. As will be describedin further detail, the text and media content from multiple sources maybe aggregated into collections of content (e.g., called stories orgalleries). These collections are then made available, by the messagingserver application 114, to the messaging client application 104. Otherprocessor- and memory-intensive processing of data may also be performedserver-side by the messaging server application 114, in view of thehardware requirements for such processing.

The application server 112 also includes an image processing system 116that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations,typically with respect to images or video received within the payload ofa message at the messaging server application 114. A portion of theimage processing system 116 may also be implemented by the subtitlecontrol system 124.

The social network system 122 supports various social networkingfunctions and services and makes these functions and services availableto the messaging server application 114. To this end, the social networksystem 122 maintains and accesses an entity graph within the database120. Examples of functions and services supported by the social networksystem 122 include the identification of other users of the messagingsystem 100 with which a particular user has relationships or is“following” and also the identification of other entities and interestsof a particular user. Such other users may be referred to as the user’sfriends. Social network system 122 may access location informationassociated with each of the user’s friends to determine where they liveor are currently located geographically. Social network system 122 maymaintain a location profile for each of the user’s friends indicatingthe geographical location where the user’s friends live.

The subtitling system 124 allows users and/or content publishers to addsubtitles to content they create (e.g., user-generated content) and/orcontrols automatic presentation of subtitles for content being consumedby a given user. For example, subtitling system 124 presents a simpleand straight-forward graphical user interface that allows a given userto view videos generated and provided by the given user. The given usercan selectively add subtitles to one or more of the videos by simplydragging a subtitles file, such as a SubRip Text file (SRT) or VideoTimed Text file (VTT), over an icon or representation of the given videoand/or by selecting an upload option for the given video. Once added,the subtitles are automatically processed and associated with the givenvideo and made available for consumption to other users when the videois shared on a messaging application.

In some embodiments, the subtitling system 124 controls whether topresent subtitles for a given video being consumed based on auser-defined profile.

The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a databaseserver 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which isstored data associated with messages processed by the messaging serverapplication 114. Database 120 may be a third-party database. Forexample, the application server 112 may be associated with a firstentity, and the database 120 or a portion of the database 120 may beassociated and hosted by a second, different entity. In someimplementations, database 120 stores user data that the first entitycollects about various each of the users of a service provided by thefirst entity. For example, the user data includes user names, passwords,addresses, friends, activity information, preferences, videos or contentconsumed by the user, and so forth.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram 200 illustrating data, which may be storedin the database 120 of the messaging server system 108, according tocertain example embodiments. While the content of the database 120 isshown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that thedata could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as anobject-oriented database).

The database 120 includes message data stored within a message table214. An entity table 202 stores entity data, including an entity graph204. Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table202 may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects,places, events, and so forth. Regardless of type, any entity regardingwhich the messaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognizedentity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as anentity type identifier (not shown).

The entity graph 204 stores information regarding relationships andassociations between entities. Such relationships may be social,professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization),interest-based, or activity-based, merely for example.

Message table 214 may store a collection of conversations between a userand one or more friends or entities. Message table 214 may includevarious attributes of each conversation, such as the list ofparticipants, the size of the conversation (e.g., number of users and/ornumber of messages), the chat color of the conversation, a uniqueidentifier for the conversation, and any other conversation relatedfeature(s).

The database 120 also stores annotation data, in the example form offilters, in an annotation table 212. Database 120 also stores annotatedcontent received in the annotation table 212. Filters for which data isstored within the annotation table 212 are associated with and appliedto videos (for which data is stored in a video table 210) and/or images(for which data is stored in an image table 208). Filters, in oneexample, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image orvideo during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of varioustypes, including user-selected filters from a gallery of filterspresented to a sending user by the messaging client application 104 whenthe sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters includegeolocation filters (also known as geo-filters), which may be presentedto a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocationfilters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presentedwithin a UI by the messaging client application 104, based ongeolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS)unit of the client device 102. Another type of filter is a data filter,which may be selectively presented to a sending user by the messagingclient application 104, based on other inputs or information gathered bythe client device 102 during the message creation process. Examples ofdata filters include current temperature at a specific location, acurrent speed at which a sending user is traveling, battery life for aclient device 102, or the current time.

Other augmentation data that may be stored within the image table 208includes augmented reality content items (e.g., corresponding toapplying Lenses or augmented reality experiences). An augmented realitycontent item may be a real-time special effect and sound that may beadded to an image or a video.

As described above, augmentation data includes augmented reality contentitems, overlays, image transformations, AR images, and similar termsrefer to modifications that may be applied to image data (e.g., videosor images). This includes real-time modifications, which modify an imageas it is captured using device sensors (e.g., one or multiple cameras)of a client device 102 and then displayed on a screen of the clientdevice 102 with the modifications. This also includes modifications tostored content, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified.For example, in a client device 102 with access to multiple augmentedreality content items, a user can use a single video clip with multipleaugmented reality content items to see how the different augmentedreality content items will modify the stored clip. For example, multipleaugmented reality content items that apply different pseudorandommovement models can be applied to the same content by selectingdifferent augmented reality content items for the content. Similarly,real-time video capture may be used with an illustrated modification toshow how video images currently being captured by sensors of a clientdevice 102 would modify the captured data. Such data may simply bedisplayed on the screen and not stored in memory, or the contentcaptured by the device sensors may be recorded and stored in memory withor without the modifications (or both). In some systems, a previewfeature can show how different augmented reality content items will lookwithin different windows in a display at the same time. This can, forexample, enable multiple windows with different pseudorandom animationsto be viewed on a display at the same time.

Data and various systems using augmented reality content items or othersuch transform systems to modify content using this data can thusinvolve detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs,surfaces, objects, etc.), tracking of such objects as they leave, enter,and move around the field of view in video frames, and the modificationor transformation of such objects as they are tracked. In variousembodiments, different methods for achieving such transformations may beused. Some examples may involve generating a three-dimensional meshmodel of the object or objects, and using transformations and animatedtextures of the model within the video to achieve the transformation. Inother examples, tracking of points on an object may be used to place animage or texture (which may be two dimensional or three dimensional) atthe tracked position. In still further examples, neural network analysisof video frames may be used to place images, models, or textures incontent (e.g., images or frames of video). Augmented reality contentitems thus refer both to the images, models, and textures used to createtransformations in content, as well as to additional modeling andanalysis information needed to achieve such transformations with objectdetection, tracking, and placement.

Real-time video processing can be performed with any kind of video data(e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) saved in a memory of acomputerized system of any kind. For example, a user can load videofiles and save them in a memory of a device, or can generate a videostream using sensors of the device. Additionally, any objects can beprocessed using a computer animation model, such as a human’s face andparts of a human body, animals, or non-living things such as chairs,cars, or other objects.

In some examples, when a particular modification is selected along withcontent to be transformed, elements to be transformed are identified bythe computing device, and then detected and tracked if they are presentin the frames of the video. The elements of the object are modifiedaccording to the request for modification, thus transforming the framesof the video stream. Transformation of frames of a video stream can beperformed by different methods for different kinds of transformation.For example, for transformations of frames mostly referring to changingforms of object’s elements characteristic points for each element of anobject are calculated (e.g., using an Active Shape Model (ASM) or otherknown methods). Then, a mesh based on the characteristic points isgenerated for each of the at least one element of the object. This meshused in the following stage of tracking the elements of the object inthe video stream. In the process of tracking, the mentioned mesh foreach element is aligned with a position of each element. Then,additional points are generated on the mesh. A first set of first pointsis generated for each element based on a request for modification, and aset of second points is generated for each element based on the set offirst points and the request for modification. Then, the frames of thevideo stream can be transformed by modifying the elements of the objecton the basis of the sets of first and second points and the mesh. Insuch method, a background of the modified object can be changed ordistorted as well by tracking and modifying the background.

In some examples, transformations changing some areas of an object usingits elements can be performed by calculating characteristic points foreach element of an object and generating a mesh based on the calculatedcharacteristic points. Points are generated on the mesh, and thenvarious areas based on the points are generated. The elements of theobject are then tracked by aligning the area for each element with aposition for each of the at least one element, and properties of theareas can be modified based on the request for modification, thustransforming the frames of the video stream. Depending on the specificrequest for modification properties of the mentioned areas can betransformed in different ways. Such modifications may involve changingcolor of areas; removing at least some part of areas from the frames ofthe video stream; including one or more new objects into areas which arebased on a request for modification; and modifying or distorting theelements of an area or object. In various embodiments, any combinationof such modifications or other similar modifications may be used. Forcertain models to be animated, some characteristic points can beselected as control points to be used in determining the entirestate-space of options for the model animation.

In some examples of a computer animation model to transform image datausing face detection, the face is detected on an image with use of aspecific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones). Then, an ActiveShape Model (ASM) algorithm is applied to the face region of an image todetect facial feature reference points.

In other examples, other methods and algorithms suitable for facedetection can be used. For example, in some embodiments, features arelocated using a landmark, which represents a distinguishable pointpresent in most of the images under consideration. For facial landmarks,for example, the location of the left eye pupil may be used. If aninitial landmark is not identifiable (e.g., if a person has aneyepatch), secondary landmarks may be used. Such landmark identificationprocedures may be used for any such objects. In some examples, a set oflandmarks forms a shape. Shapes can be represented as vectors using thecoordinates of the points in the shape. One shape is aligned to anotherwith a similarity transform (allowing translation, scaling, androtation) that minimizes the average Euclidean distance between shapepoints. The mean shape is the mean of the aligned training shapes.

In some examples, a search for landmarks from the mean shape aligned tothe position and size of the face determined by a global face detectoris started. Such a search then repeats the steps of suggesting atentative shape by adjusting the locations of shape points by templatematching of the image texture around each point and then conforming thetentative shape to a global shape model until convergence occurs. Insome systems, individual template matches are unreliable, and the shapemodel pools the results of the weak template matches to form a strongeroverall classifier. The entire search is repeated at each level in animage pyramid, from coarse to fine resolution.

A transformation system can capture an image or video stream on a clientdevice (e.g., the client device 102) and perform complex imagemanipulations locally on the client device 102 while maintaining asuitable user experience, computation time, and power consumption. Thecomplex image manipulations may include size and shape changes, emotiontransfers (e.g., changing a face from a frown to a smile), statetransfers (e.g., aging a subject, reducing apparent age, changinggender), style transfers, graphical element application, and any othersuitable image or video manipulation implemented by a convolutionalneural network that has been configured to execute efficiently on theclient device 102.

In some examples, a computer animation model to transform image data canbe used by a system where a user may capture an image or video stream ofthe user (e.g., a selfie) using a client device 102 having a neuralnetwork operating as part of a messaging client application 104operating on the client device 102. The transformation system operatingwithin the messaging client determines the presence of a face within theimage or video stream and provides modification icons associated with acomputer animation model to transform image data, or the computeranimation model can be present as associated with an interface describedherein. The modification icons include changes that may be the basis formodifying the user’s face within the image or video stream as part ofthe modification operation. Once a modification icon is selected, thetransform system initiates a process to convert the image of the user toreflect the selected modification icon (e.g., generate a smiling face onthe user). A modified image or video stream may be presented in agraphical user interface displayed on the client device 102 as soon asthe image or video stream is captured, and a specified modification isselected. The transformation system may implement a complexconvolutional neural network on a portion of the image or video streamto generate and apply the selected modification. That is, the user maycapture the image or video stream and be presented with a modifiedresult in real-time or near real-time once a modification icon has beenselected. Further, the modification may be persistent while the videostream is being captured, and the selected modification icon remainstoggled. Machine taught neural networks may be used to enable suchmodifications.

The graphical user interface, presenting the modification performed bythe transform system, may supply the user with additional interactionoptions. Such options may be based on the interface used to initiate thecontent capture and selection of a particular computer animation model(e.g., initiation from a content creator user interface). In variousembodiments, a modification may be persistent after an initial selectionof a modification icon. The user may toggle the modification on or offby tapping or otherwise selecting the face being modified by thetransformation system and store it for later viewing or browse to otherareas of the imaging application. Where multiple faces are modified bythe transformation system, the user may toggle the modification on oroff globally by tapping or selecting a single face modified anddisplayed within a graphical user interface. In some embodiments,individual faces, among a group of multiple faces, may be individuallymodified, or such modifications may be individually toggled by tappingor selecting the individual face or a series of individual facesdisplayed within the graphical user interface.

As mentioned above, the video table 210 stores video data which, in oneembodiment, is associated with messages for which records are maintainedwithin the message table 214. Similarly, the image table 208 storesimage data associated with messages for which message data is stored inthe entity table 202. The entity table 202 may associate variousannotations from the annotation table 212 with various images and videosstored in the image table 208 and the video table 210.

Subtitles 207 stores subtitles for one or more videos available forconsumption by the messaging client application 104/107. Namely,subtitles 207 stores one or more subtitles file (e.g., an SRT and/or VTTfile) and a link to the associated video for the subtitles file. In someimplementations, subtitles that are received for a given video arestored in two formats (e.g., SRT and VTT). Specifically, in response toa given user uploading a subtitles file in a first format (e.g., an SRTfile), the subtitles file in the first format is stored in associationwith the corresponding video. Also, the subtitles file in the firstformat is automatically converted to a subtitles file in a second format(e.g., a VTT file) and also stored in association with the video in thesecond format. A given request for subtitles for a given video mayspecify the type of device on which the subtitles are to be presentedand the corresponding subtitles in the first or second format areretrieved and returned for presentation with the video.

When subtitles for a given component video content item being played orpresented are enabled (e.g., a determination is made by the subtitlecontrol system 124 to automatically present subtitles), the subtitles207 for the given video are accessed and retrieved (e.g., by obtaining atitle or identifier of the given video content item being consumed andsearching the subtitles 207 for any subtitles that are linked to thetitle or identifier of the given video content item). The subtitlesretrieved from subtitles 207 that are linked to the given video beingplayed are then presented together with the given video content itembeing played.

A story table 206 stores data regarding collections of messages andassociated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into acollection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particularcollection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user forwhich a record is maintained in the entity table 202). A user may createa “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has beencreated and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the UI of themessaging client application 104 may include an icon that isuser-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to hisor her personal story.

A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collectionof content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically,or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example,a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted contentfrom various locations and events. Users whose client devices havelocation services enabled and are at a common location event at aparticular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via a UIof the messaging client application 104, to contribute content to aparticular live story. The live story may be identified to the user bythe messaging client application 104 based on his or her location. Theend result is a “live story” told from a community perspective.

A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,”which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within aspecific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus)to contribute to a particular collection. In some embodiments, acontribution to a location story may require a second degree ofauthentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specificorganization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the universitycampus).

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message 300,according to some embodiments, generated by a messaging clientapplication 104/107 for communication to a further messaging clientapplication 104 or the messaging server application 114. The content ofa particular message 300 is used to populate the message table 214stored within the database 120, accessible by the messaging serverapplication 114. Similarly, the content of a message 300 is stored inmemory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device 102 orthe application server 112. The message 300 is shown to include thefollowing components:

-   A message identifier 302: a unique identifier that identifies the    message 300.-   A message text payload 304: text, to be generated by a user via a UI    of the client device 102 and that is included in the message 300.-   A message image payload 306: image data, captured by a camera    component of a client device 102 or retrieved from memory of a    client device 102, and that is included in the message 300.-   A message video payload 308: video data, captured by a camera    component or retrieved from a memory component of the client device    102 and that is included in the message 300.-   A message audio payload 310: audio data, captured by a microphone or    retrieved from the memory component of the client device 102, and    that is included in the message 300.-   Message annotations 312: annotation data (e.g., filters, stickers,    or other enhancements) that represents annotations to be applied to    message image payload 306, message video payload 308, or message    audio payload 310 of the message 300.-   A message duration parameter 314: parameter value indicating, in    seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message (e.g.,    the message image payload 306, message video payload 308, message    audio payload 310) is to be presented or made accessible to a user    via the messaging client application 104.-   A message geolocation parameter 316: geolocation data (e.g.,    latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the    content payload of the message. Multiple message geolocation    parameter 316 values may be included in the payload, with each of    these parameter values being associated with respect to content    items included in the content (e.g., a specific image within the    message image payload 306, or a specific video in the message video    payload 308).-   A message story identifier 318: identifier value identifying one or    more content collections (e.g., “stories”) with which a particular    content item in the message image payload 306 of the message 300 is    associated. For example, multiple images within the message image    payload 306 may each be associated with multiple content collections    using identifier values.-   A message tag 320: each message 300 may be tagged with multiple    tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of content    included in the message payload. For example, where a particular    image included in the message image payload 306 depicts an animal    (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included within the message tag    320 that is indicative of the relevant animal. Tag values may be    generated manually, based on user input, or may be automatically    generated using, for example, image recognition.-   A message sender identifier 322: an identifier (e.g., a messaging    system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative    of a user of the client device 102 on which the message 300 was    generated and from which the message 300 was sent.-   A message receiver identifier 324: an identifier (e.g., a messaging    system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative    of user(s) of the client device 102 to which the message 300 is    addressed. In the case of a conversation between multiple users, the    identifier may indicate each user involved in the conversation.

The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message 300 maybe pointers to locations in tables within which content data values arestored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 306 maybe a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 208.Similarly, values within the message video payload 308 may point to datastored within a video table 210, values stored within the messageannotations 312 may point to data stored in an annotation table 212,values stored within the message story identifier 318 may point to datastored in a story table 206, and values stored within the message senderidentifier 322 and the message receiver identifier 324 may point to userrecords stored within an entity table 202.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating example operations of a subtitlingsystem according to example embodiments. In block 401, the subtitlingsystem 124 receives split timings for a composite video comprising aplurality of video content items arranged in playback sequence, eachsplit timing indicating the time point in the composite video boundingrespective successive video content items, the time points being definedrelative to a video base time point.

In block 402, subtitling system 124 receives a full subtitle file havinga plurality of subtitle text items, each subtitle text item having anassociated timing relative to a subtitle base time point.

In block 403, subtitling system 124 determines a corresponding thresholdtiming for each of the time points indicated by the split timings.

In block 404, subtitling system 124 splits the full subtitle file ateach of the threshold timings to generate a plurality of video contentitem subtitle files, each video content item subtitle file includingsubtitle text items that have associated timings between successivethreshold timings.

In certain embodiments, the subtitling system 124 operates to controlthe playback of at least one of the video content items by determiningwhether a client device is to display said at least one video contentitem together with the subtitle text items in the corresponding videocontent item subtitle file.

In certain embodiments, the subtitling system 124 operates to make thegenerated video content item subtitle files available for consumption toend users (e.g. using the client device’s messaging client application104) when the composite video is shared on a messaging application.

The subtitles are presented simultaneously over or next to the videoframes of the video. In some cases, a language of the device is searchedto determine whether language is desired in a specific language otherthan a default language. If so, the subtitles in the desired language(if available) are retrieved and displayed.

In some embodiments, a subtitle enablement and retrieval module 126 ofthe subtitling system 124 may access a display characteristics fieldthat is stored on the user device. The subtitle enablement and retrievalmodule 126 may modify the display characteristics (e.g., the font size,color, and shape) of the subtitles that are presented with the videobeing played. The subtitles may be presented on an area of the screenthat does not impede any important aspect of the video content.

In some embodiments, the subtitle enablement and retrieval module maymonitor user interactions while the video is being played to determinewhether to display subtitles. In response, the subtitle enablement andretrieval module may automatically retrieve and display subtitles for avideo content item being played back and any subsequent video contentitems that are played back.

Referring back to FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the subtitle enablementand retrieval module 126 may access the default global subtitles settingof the user device to determine whether to display subtitles. Inresponse to determining that the default global subtitles setting of theuser device is set to the enabled state, the subtitle enablement andretrieval module 126 may automatically retrieve and display subtitlesfor a video content item being played back and any subsequent videocontent items that are played back.

FIG. 5 is block diagram illustrating the input and output of thesubtitling system, according to example embodiments.

At FIG. 5(a), an illustration is given of a composite video 501comprising a plurality of video content items 505 a-i (e.g. videoclips”). Some of the clips 505 a-i are of 10s duration, others areshorter: see items #4 and #7, for instance. The composite video 501 isshown with the intended (time-ordered) playback sequence from left toright.

At FIG. 5(b), the diagram shows a timeline 502 representing splittimings corresponding to the composite video of FIG. 5(a). Using thesesplit timings (relative to a reference point, such as the leftmost point510 on the timeline), it is possible to navigate to the start point ofeach item by summing the intervening durations.

At FIG. 5(c), the diagram shows a full subtitle file 503, correspondingto the composite video 501, as a single block of the same duration asthe runtime of composite video 501. The structure of a subtitle file isdiscussed in more detail below.

At FIG. 5(d), the diagram shows series 506 of subtitle files 506 a-i.The subtitle files 506 a-i correspond to respective video content itemsin the composite video, 505 a-i: so that subtitle file 506 a includessubtitle text items corresponding to the video content item 505 a,subtitle file 506 b includes subtitle text items corresponding to thevideo content item 505 b, etc..

FIG. 6 is block diagram illustrating the structure of a subtitle file600 such as the full subtitle file 503.

A subtitle file in .vtt (or .srt) format includes at least one subtitletext item comprising a subtitle text and a formal indication of thestart time (from which time the subtitle text is to be displayed) andstop time (at which display of the subtitle is to cease). In FIG. 6 ,four such subtitle text items 601, 602, 603, 604 are illustrated.

Considering subtitle text item 603, for example, it can be seen that thetext “You let me go.” is to start at a time point 14.2 seconds from areference time and to cease at a time point 16 seconds from that samereference time.

To illustrate the splitting of a full subtitle file, consider an examplecomposite video having a first component video content item of 10 secondduration, a second component video content item of 5 second duration,and a third component video content item of 10 second duration. Thesubtitle file 600 in FIG. 6 may stand in as a full subtitle file forthis example composite video.

Subtitle text items with timings in the first 10 seconds of thecomposite video are split into a first video content item subtitle file.In this case, the first video content item subtitle file includes onlysubtitle text item 601.

Subtitle text items with timings in the next 5 seconds (i.e. between 10and 15 seconds from start) of the composite video are split into asecond video content item subtitle file. In this case, the second videocontent item subtitle file includes subtitle text item 602.

Subtitle text items with timings in the next 10 seconds (i.e. between 15and 25 seconds from start) of the composite video are split into a thirdvideo content item subtitle file. In this case, the third video contentitem subtitle file includes subtitle text item 604.

Subtitle text item 603, however, bridges the end time of the secondvideo content item and the start time of the subsequent third videocontent item. In certain embodiments, such subtitle text items are“split” by being included in both the second video content item subtitlefile and the third video content item subtitle file. In some examples,such subtitle text items are “split” (e.g., included in both the secondvideo content item subtitle file and the third video content itemsubtitle file) if the subtitle text item straddles the end time of thesecond video content item and the start time of the subsequent thirdvideo content item for greater than a threshold amount of time.Otherwise, if the subtitle text item straddles the end time of thesecond video content item and the start time of the subsequent thirdvideo content item for less than the threshold amount of time, thesubtitle text item is only present on the second video content item andomitted from the third video content item. In some examples, thethreshold amount of time may be 250 milliseconds, however it isunderstood that any suitable threshold amount of time may be used.

In some subtitle formats, a subtitle file may be structured withsubtitle text items and one or more header items. Header items mayspecify a preferred style for the displayed subtitle text. Stylecharacteristics such as font, font size, color, kerning, and position inscreen may be defined as header items. In a full subtitle file, theheader items may appear at one position within the body of the file.Splitting of a full subtitle file into individual video content itemsubtitle files may include replicating at least a portion of the headeritem of the full subtitle file in one or more of the individual videocontent item subtitle files. Consequently, the system ensures thatindividual video content item subtitle files inherit the stylecharacteristics of the full subtitle file.

FIG. 7A is block diagram illustrating a user interface 710 for a contentpublisher or end user content generator.

The user interface 710 includes elements corresponding to respectivevideo content items 712. The interface user selects a subtitle file 706a (e.g. by selecting an icon representing that file) and indicates whichvideo content item 712 a the selected subtitle file should be associated(e.g. by dragging that icon to an element in the user interfacecorresponding to the intended item). In FIG. 7A, the user interface 710includes a cursor 714 that is manipulated by the user to indicate theselection of subtitle file and intended association with a specificvideo content item 712.

In accordance with some embodiments, a full subtitle upload option isprovided in the user interface 710. FIG. 7B is block diagramillustrating a user interface 710, similar to that in FIG. 7A, with afull subtitle upload option.

Rather than drag an icon to a particular video content item, the usermay elect to drag the icon 716 representing a batch of subtitlesassociated with a composite video comprising a plurality of videocontent items (i.e. a full subtitle file) to an element 720 in the userinterface corresponding to the entire composite video.

In the latter case, the dragging of the full subtitle file icon 716 tothe composite video element 720 in the user interface is interpreted asa trigger event for the operations of the subtitling system such asthose illustrated in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example software architecture806, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described. FIG. 8 is a non-limiting example of asoftware architecture and it will be appreciated that many otherarchitectures may be implemented to facilitate the functionalitydescribed herein. The software architecture 806 may execute on hardwaresuch as machine 900 of FIG. 9 that includes, among other things,processors 904, memory 914, and input/output (I/O) components 918. Arepresentative hardware layer 852 is illustrated and can represent, forexample, the machine 900 of FIG. 9 . The representative hardware layer852 includes a processing unit 854 having associated executableinstructions 804. Executable instructions 804 represent the executableinstructions of the software architecture 806, including implementationof the methods, components, and so forth described herein. The hardwarelayer 852 also includes memory and/or storage modules memory/storage856, which also have executable instructions 804. The hardware layer 852may also comprise other hardware 858.

In the example architecture of FIG. 8 , the software architecture 806may be conceptualized as a stack of layers where each layer providesparticular functionality. For example, the software architecture 806 mayinclude layers such as an operating system 802, libraries 820,frameworks/middleware 818, applications 816, and a presentation layer814. Operationally, the applications 816 and/or other components withinthe layers may invoke API calls 808 through the software stack andreceive messages 812 in response to the API calls 808. The layersillustrated are representative in nature and not all softwarearchitectures have all layers. For example, some mobile or specialpurpose operating systems may not provide a frameworks/middleware 818,while others may provide such a layer. Other software architectures mayinclude additional or different layers.

The operating system 802 may manage hardware resources and providecommon services. The operating system 802 may include, for example, akernel 822, services 824, and drivers 826. The kernel 822 may act as anabstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers.For example, the kernel 822 may be responsible for memory management,processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management,networking, security settings, and so on. The services 824 may provideother common services for the other software layers. The drivers 826 areresponsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware.For instance, the drivers 826 include display drivers, camera drivers,Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers(e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers, audiodrivers, power management drivers, and so forth depending on thehardware configuration.

The libraries 820 provide a common infrastructure that is used by theapplications 816 and/or other components and/or layers. The libraries820 provide functionality that allows other software components toperform tasks in an easier fashion than to interface directly with theunderlying operating system 802 functionality (e.g., kernel 822,services 824 and/or drivers 826). The libraries 820 may include systemlibraries 844 (e.g., C standard library) that may provide functions suchas memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions,mathematical functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 820 mayinclude API libraries 846 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries tosupport presentation and manipulation of various media format such asMPREG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG), graphics libraries (e.g., anOpenGL framework that may be used to render two-dimensional andthree-dimensional in a graphic content on a display), database libraries(e.g., SQLite that may provide various relational database functions),web libraries (e.g., WebKit that may provide web browsingfunctionality), and the like. The libraries 820 may also include a widevariety of other libraries 848 to provide many other APIs to theapplications 816 and other software components/modules.

The frameworks/middleware 818 (also sometimes referred to as middleware)provide a higher-level common infrastructure that may be used by theapplications 816 and/or other software components/modules. For example,the frameworks/middleware 818 may provide various graphic user interfacefunctions, high-level resource management, high-level location services,and so forth. The frameworks/middleware 818 may provide a broad spectrumof other APIs that may be utilized by the applications 816 and/or othersoftware components/modules, some of which may be specific to aparticular operating system 802 or platform.

The applications 816 include built-in applications 838 and/orthird-party applications 840. Examples of representative built-inapplications 838 may include, but are not limited to, a contactsapplication, a browser application, a book reader application, alocation application, a media application, a messaging application,and/or a game application. Third-party applications 840 may include anapplication developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software developmentkit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform,and may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such asIOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or other mobile operating systems. Thethird-party applications 840 may invoke the API calls 808 provided bythe mobile operating system (such as operating system 802) to facilitatefunctionality described herein.

The applications 816 may use built-in operating system functions (e.g.,kernel 822, services 824, and/or drivers 826), libraries 820, andframeworks/middleware 818 to create UIs to interact with users of thesystem. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systems, interactionswith a user may occur through a presentation layer, such as presentationlayer 814. In these systems, the application/component “logic” can beseparated from the aspects of the application/component that interactwith a user.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine 900,according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) andperform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.Specifically, FIG. 9 shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine900 in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions910 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, orother executable code) for causing the machine 900 to perform any one ormore of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. As such, theinstructions 910 may be used to implement modules or componentsdescribed herein. The instructions 910 transform the general,non-programmed machine 900 into a particular machine 900 programmed tocarry out the described and illustrated functions in the mannerdescribed. In alternative embodiments, the machine 900 operates as astandalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines.In a networked deployment, the machine 900 may operate in the capacityof a server machine or a client machine in a server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine 900 may comprise, but not be limitedto, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), atablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), apersonal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, acellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device(e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance),other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a networkswitch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing theinstructions 910, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to betaken by machine 900. Further, while only a single machine 900 isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include acollection of machines that individually or jointly execute theinstructions 910 to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein.

The machine 900 may include processors 904, memory/storage 906, and I/Ocomponents 918, which may be configured to communicate with each othersuch as via a bus 902. In an example embodiment, the processors 904(e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction setcomputing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC)processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor(DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), aradio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or anysuitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 908and a processor 912 that may execute the instructions 910. The term“processor” is intended to include multi-core processors 904 that maycomprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as“cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although FIG.9 shows multiple processors 904, the machine 900 may include a singleprocessor with a single core, a single processor with multiple cores(e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core,multiple processors with multiple cores, or any combination thereof.

The memory/storage 906 may include a memory 914, such as a main memory,or other memory storage, and a storage unit 916, both accessible to theprocessors 904 such as via the bus 902. The storage unit 916 and memory914 store the instructions 910 embodying any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 910 mayalso reside, completely or partially, within the memory 914, within thestorage unit 916, within at least one of the processors 904 (e.g.,within the processor’s cache memory), or any suitable combinationthereof, during execution thereof by the machine 900. Accordingly, thememory 914, the storage unit 916, and the memory of processors 904 areexamples of machine-readable media.

The I/O components 918 may include a wide variety of components toreceive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information,exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/Ocomponents 918 that are included in a particular machine 900 will dependon the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobilephones will likely include a touch input device or other such inputmechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include sucha touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 918may include many other components that are not shown in FIG. 9 . The I/Ocomponents 918 are grouped according to functionality merely forsimplifying the following discussion and the grouping is in no waylimiting. In various example embodiments, the I/O components 918 mayinclude output components 926 and input components 928. The outputcomponents 926 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as aplasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, aliquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)),acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., avibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and soforth. The input components 928 may include alphanumeric inputcomponents (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receivealphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumericinput components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, atouchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointinginstrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touchscreen that provides location and/or force of touches or touch gestures,or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., amicrophone), and the like.

In further example embodiments, the I/O components 918 may includebiometric components 939, motion components 934, environmentalcomponents 936, or position components 938 among a wide array of othercomponents. For example, the biometric components 939 may includecomponents to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facialexpressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measurebiosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature,perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voiceidentification, retinal identification, facial identification,fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram basedidentification), and the like. The motion components 934 may includeacceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensorcomponents, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth.The environmental components 936 may include, for example, illuminationsensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components(e.g., one or more thermometer that detect ambient temperature),humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g.,barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphonesthat detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g.,infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gasdetection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases forsafety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other componentsthat may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding toa surrounding physical environment. The position components 938 mayinclude location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component),altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detectair pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensorcomponents (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O components 918 may include communication components 940 operableto couple the machine 900 to a network 937 or devices 929 via coupling924 and coupling 922, respectively. For example, the communicationcomponents 940 may include a network interface component or othersuitable device to interface with the network 937. In further examples,communication components 940 may include wired communication components,wireless communication components, cellular communication components,Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g.,Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communicationcomponents to provide communication via other modalities. The devices929 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheraldevices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).

Moreover, the communication components 940 may detect identifiers orinclude components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication components 940 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components,optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication components940, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, locationvia Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting a NFC beaconsignal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

GLOSSARY

“CARRIER SIGNAL” in this context refers to any intangible medium that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying transitory or non-transitoryinstructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital oranalog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitatecommunication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted orreceived over the network using a transitory or non-transitorytransmission medium via a network interface device and using any one ofa number of well-known transfer protocols.

“CLIENT DEVICE” in this context refers to any machine that interfaces toa communications network to obtain resources from one or more serversystems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is notlimited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, PDAs, smartphones, tablets, ultra books, netbooks, laptops, multi-processorsystems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, gameconsoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a usermay use to access a network.

“COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK” in this context refers to one or more portionsof a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, avirtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wirelessLAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), ametropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of theInternet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), aplain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephonenetwork, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network,or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network ora portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network andthe coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, aGlobal System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other typeof cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling mayimplement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such asSingle Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1xRTT), Evolution-DataOptimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology,third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourthgeneration wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile TelecommunicationsSystem (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE)standard, others defined by various standard setting organizations,other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology.

“EPHEMERAL MESSAGE” in this context refers to a message that isaccessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be atext, an image, a video, and the like. The access time for the ephemeralmessage may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access timemay be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient.Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory.

“MACHINE-READABLE MEDIUM” in this context refers to a component, device,or other tangible media able to store instructions and data temporarilyor permanently and may include, but is not limited to, random-accessmemory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory,optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage(e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and/or anysuitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” shouldbe taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., acentralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers)able to store instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shallalso be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media,that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., code) for execution by amachine, such that the instructions, when executed by one or moreprocessors of the machine, cause the machine to perform any one or moreof the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readablemedium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as“cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiplestorage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium”excludes signals per se.

“COMPONENT” in this context refers to a device, physical entity, orlogic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branchpoints, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning ormodularization of particular processing or control functions. Componentsmay be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry outa machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardwareunit designed for use with other components and a part of a program thatusually performs a particular function of related functions. Componentsmay constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on amachine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component”is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various exampleembodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computersystem, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one ormore hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or agroup of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an applicationor application portion) as a hardware component that operates to performcertain operations as described herein.

A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically,electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, ahardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that ispermanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardwarecomponent may be a special-purpose processor, such as aField-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an ASIC. A hardware componentmay also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarilyconfigured by software to perform certain operations. For example, ahardware component may include software executed by a general-purposeprocessor or other programmable processor. Once configured by suchsoftware, hardware components become specific machines (or specificcomponents of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configuredfunctions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will beappreciated that the decision to implement a hardware componentmechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or intemporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may bedriven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase“hardware component″(or “hardware-implemented component”) should beunderstood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that isphysically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), ortemporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manneror to perform certain operations described herein. Consideringembodiments in which hardware components are temporarily configured(e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not beconfigured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example,where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processorconfigured by software to become a special-purpose processor, thegeneral-purpose processor may be configured as respectively differentspecial-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardwarecomponents) at different times. Software accordingly configures aparticular processor or processors, for example, to constitute aparticular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitutea different hardware component at a different instance of time.

Hardware components can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardwarecomponents may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Wheremultiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications maybe achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuitsand buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. Inembodiments in which multiple hardware components are configured orinstantiated at different times, communications between such hardwarecomponents may be achieved, for example, through the storage andretrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiplehardware components have access. For example, one hardware component mayperform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memorydevice to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardwarecomponent may then, at a later time, access the memory device toretrieve and process the stored output.

Hardware components may also initiate communications with input oroutput devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation). The various operations of example methods described hereinmay be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implementedcomponents that operate to perform one or more operations or functionsdescribed herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component”refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors.Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors beingan example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations ofa method may be performed by one or more processors orprocessor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processorsmay also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a“cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS).For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a groupof computers (as examples of machines including processors), with theseoperations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and viaone or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance ofcertain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, notonly residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number ofmachines. In some example embodiments, the processors orprocessor-implemented components may be located in a single geographiclocation (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or aserver farm). In other example embodiments, the processors orprocessor-implemented components may be distributed across a number ofgeographic locations.

“PROCESSOR” in this context refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (aphysical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor)that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g.,“commands,” “op codes,” “machine code,” etc.) and which producescorresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. Aprocessor may, for example, be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), aReduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a ComplexInstruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit(GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Radio-FrequencyIntegrated Circuit (RFIC) or any combination thereof. A processor mayfurther be a multi-core processor having two or more independentprocessors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may executeinstructions contemporaneously.

“TIMESTAMP” in this context refers to a sequence of characters orencoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, forexample giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a smallfraction of a second.

Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodimentswithout departing from the scope of the present disclosure. These andother changes or modifications are intended to be included within thescope of the present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving split timings fora composite video comprising a plurality of video content items arrangedin playback sequence, each split timing indicating a time point in thecomposite video bounding respective successive video content items;receiving a full subtitle file having a plurality of subtitle text itemsand a header item; for each of the time points indicated by the splittimings, determining a corresponding threshold timing; splitting thefull subtitle file at each of the threshold timings to generate aplurality of video content item subtitle files, each video content itemsubtitle file including subtitle text items that have associated timingsbetween successive threshold timings, wherein the subtitle text itemsare included in more than one video content item subtitle file of theplurality of video content item subtitle files based on the thresholdtimings; and replicating at least a portion of the header item in theplurality of video content item subtitle files.
 2. The method of claim1, further comprising: controlling the playback of at least one of thevideo content items to display said at least one video content itemtogether with the subtitle text items in the corresponding video contentitem subtitle file.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the time pointsare defined relative to a video base time point and each subtitle textitem has an associated timing relative to a subtitle base time point andwherein determining the corresponding threshold timing comprises:establishing a correspondence between the video base time point and thesubtitle base time point; and determining the corresponding thresholdtiming relative to the subtitle base time point.
 4. The method of claim1, wherein determining the corresponding threshold timing comprises:receiving an offset input; and determining the corresponding thresholdtiming based on the offset input.
 5. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: generating an alert where a total duration of the compositevideo exceeds the duration spanned by the full subtitle file by morethan an overrun threshold.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:generating an alert where a duration spanned by the full subtitle fileexceeds a total duration of the composite video.
 7. The method of claim1, wherein the full subtitle file is in at least one of the.vtt and.srtformats.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the associated timing of agiven subtitle text item comprises a range of timings.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the method further comprises: when the timing rangespans a threshold timing, including the given subtitle text item in eachvideo content item subtitle file bounded by the threshold timing.
 10. Asystem comprising: a processor; and a memory storing instructions that,when executed by the processor, configure the system to performoperations comprising: receiving split timings for a composite videocomprising a plurality of video content items arranged in playbacksequence, each split timing indicating a time point in the compositevideo bounding respective successive video content items; receiving afull subtitle file having a plurality of subtitle text items and aheader item; for each of the time points indicated by the split timings,determining a corresponding threshold timing; splitting the fullsubtitle file at each of the threshold timings to generate a pluralityof video content item subtitle files, each video content item subtitlefile including subtitle text items that have associated timings betweensuccessive threshold timings, wherein the subtitle text items areincluded in more than one video content item subtitle file of theplurality of video content item subtitle files based on the thresholdtimings; and replicating at least a portion of the header item in theplurality of video content item subtitle files.
 11. The system of claim10, wherein the operations further comprise: controlling the playback ofat least one of the video content items to display said at least onevideo content item together with the subtitle text items in thecorresponding video content item subtitle file.
 12. The system of claim10, wherein the time points are defined relative to a video base timepoint and each subtitle text item has an associated timing relative to asubtitle base time point and wherein determining the correspondingthreshold timing comprises: establishing a correspondence between thevideo base time point and the subtitle base time point; and determiningthe corresponding threshold timing relative to the subtitle base timepoint.
 13. The system of claim 10, wherein determining the correspondingthreshold timing comprises: receiving an offset input; and determiningthe corresponding threshold timing based on the offset input.
 14. Thesystem of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise: generatingan alert where a total duration of the composite video exceeds theduration spanned by the full subtitle file by more than an overrunthreshold.
 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the operations furthercomprise: generating an alert where a duration spanned by the fullsubtitle file exceeds a total duration of the composite video.
 16. Thesystem of claim 10, wherein the full subtitle file is in at least one ofthe.vtt and.srt formats.
 17. The system of claim 10, wherein theassociated timing of a given subtitle text item comprises a range oftimings.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the operations furthercomprise: when the timing range spans a threshold timing, including thegiven subtitle text item in each video content item subtitle filebounded by the threshold timing.
 19. A non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium, the computer-readable storage medium includinginstructions that when executed by a computer, cause the computer toperform operations comprising: receiving split timings for a compositevideo comprising a plurality of video content items arranged in playbacksequence, each split timing indicating a time point in the compositevideo bounding respective successive video content items; receiving afull subtitle file having a plurality of subtitle text items and aheader item; for each of the time points indicated by the split timings,determining a corresponding threshold timing; splitting the fullsubtitle file at each of the threshold timings to generate a pluralityof video content item subtitle files, each video content item subtitlefile including subtitle text items that have associated timings betweensuccessive threshold timings, wherein the subtitle text items areincluded in more than one video content item subtitle file of theplurality of video content item subtitle files based on the thresholdtimings; and replicating at least a portion of the header item in theplurality of video content item subtitle files.
 20. Thecomputer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: controlling the playback of at least one of the videocontent items to display said at least one video content item togetherwith the subtitle text items in the corresponding video content itemsubtitle file.